Statement of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on the continued discussion of the draft law privilege status of Yogyakarta in a cabinet meeting some time ago to invite a strong reaction from the public, especially residents of DIY.
A similar reaction has actually emerged from the discourse features of Yogyakarta would be rearranged in the new law a few years earlier. In essence the people considered the problem of Yogyakarta privilege is final and does not need to be discussed again. Efforts abolition of privilege was regarded as a denial and betrayal of history, particularly the role of Sultan HB IX during the early days of the founding of this Republic.
Meanwhile, politicians in Jakarta perceive history as a reason why classic and not follow the development of society and government towards democratic order. President Yudhoyono himself revealed the element supposed monarchy should not be defended in a democratic system. In other words, SBY still think that so far Yogyakarta apply monarchy system of government in their area.
To invite the emergence of the right ideas and elegant in the search for common ground nuanced understanding of the privilege of Yogyakarta, it is helpful to understand the important things below.
Formal juridical basis
The term 'privileged' start girded Yogyakarta since 1950. Status of 'special' in itself is not the will of the Sultan or the people of Yogyakarta itself, but given the central government, in this case Sukarno as president-elect after the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945.
Soon after Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta, Sri Sultan HB IX immediately sent a letter to the Soekarno-wire of congratulations and support for the establishment of the Republic. Sultan wire was immediately rewarded Soekarno by issuing a document called the charter status of Sri Sultan HB IX in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia on August 19, 1945.
Sri Sultan HB IX together with the Sri Paku Alam VIII welcomes the position of President Sukarno's charter was to publish a document known as the Mandate 5 September 1945. The mandate of the leaders of the two kingdoms in Yogyakarta that claimed to be that Yogyakarta is an integral part of the RI and both will be responsible directly to the president on the implementation of governance and prosperity of the people of Yogyakarta.
Both documents were the basis of goods out of Law No. 3 Year 1950 on the Establishment of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Law No. 3 was revised (or rather added) central government in Law No. 19 of 1950. When viewed from the contents of the Act, it is clear that the privilege was interpreted to give the central government in the form of special autonomy, although the term is not used in the law. Special autonomy that includes 13 fields at Law No. 3 Year 1950 and later expanded to 15 areas on the Law No. 19 of 1950, the government affairs public, social, cultural, educational, agrarian, to the problems of transportation and traffic.
In the Soeharto era, the special autonomy was gradually eliminated with the implementation of the new Law on Local Government. Unfortunately that during changes in the law on local government, the Sultan as the head region and the Governor of DIY is no longer involved. When this privilege was only known in one aspect, namely that the position of Governor and Deputy Governor will be held automatic DIY Sultan and Paku Alam.
Socio-historical foundation
Why does the central government gives special status to the Yogayakarta area? In addition to formal juridical basis, the status is also given in terms of social and historical basis. It can be understood by tracing the events, especially since the Declaration of Independence August 17, 1945 to 1950 before a special status was formalized in the form of law.
Sultan HB IX, Paku Alam VIII, and the people of Yogyakarta has shown consistency and commitment in supporting the establishment of the Republic, especially during periods of war to maintain the independence of Indonesia from 1945 to 1949. History books have revealed broadly about the contribution of the Sultan, the people of Yogyakarta and Paku Alam in those events.
Sultan has also actively initiated the attack Oemoem March 1 that has succeeded in opening the eyes of the world about the existence of the Republic of Indonesia as a sovereign state. In fact, the Sultan has issued more than 5 million guilders to finance most government spending RI when RI was transferred to the capital of Jogjakarta, providing accommodation for the ministers and their families. Similar support is also given many people in Yogyakarta by participating petrified soldiers and guerrillas who fought both inside and outside the city.
Consistency Sultan HB IX and people of Yogyakarta in support and defend the Republic is the primary consideration of the government of Sukarno and Hatta to give special status to Yogyakarta immediately after the recognition of sovereignty of pemeritah Netherlands in late 1949.
Yogyakarta, the monarchy, and democracy
From the statement by President Yudhoyono is clear that differences of opinion in view of the status of Yogyakarta privilege between central government and the people of Yogyakarta is in understanding the implementation of the monarchy and democracy in Yogyakarta.
Sultan HB IX are well aware that the principle of democracy is adopted in the constitutional system of Indonesia. Therefore, immediately after the central government decided to hold elections in 1955, Sultan HB IX for local office and the Governor of DIY immediately hold elections in the region. Local elections were conducted to select representatives in the region. Local elections were held in Yogyakarta on July 16, 1951.
A historical review of the implementation of local elections in Yogyakarta, it shows the local elections in Yogyakarta was held in a democratic and a reflection of the implementation of the 1955 election. It is obvious Yogyakarta has implemented or practiced democracy long before the central government did in 1955.
Consistency continues to implement democracy practiced in Yogyakarta from village to provincial levels. Even when the Emperor became chairman of the Golkar Party, he did not require or force people to choose Golkar. Another prominent Petistiwa showing the consistency of implementing democracy it is when in 1998 the Sultan made the North Square Sultan Palace as a center of democratic movements and reform of Indonesia.
From the obvious fact that Yogyakarta is born of the monarchy that has gave birth to the birth of democracy and has pioneered to practice in Indonesia.
Apart from the determination of the Sultan and Paku Alam as governor and lieutenant governor, any execution carried out in a democratic government including the system of checks and balances. As also noted Sultan HB X that the entire mechanism of the implementation of governance and democratic principles in Yogyakarta, the same as other provinces in Indonesia.
The foundation of formal juridical, social, and historically this should be important considerations from the central government in drafting a new features Yogyakarta.
By Dr Sri Margana
FIB UGM Lecturer History Department
0 comments:
Post a Comment